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1.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2021: 8811153, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33532037

RESUMO

Previous studies have found aerobic training improved oxidative damage in people with Down syndrome (DS). However, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of resistance training on redox imbalance in this population. Accordingly, this study was conducted to determine the effect of resistance training (RT) on antioxidant defence system in sedentary adults with DS. Thirty-six male adults with DS were recruited through different community support groups. Eighteen were randomly assigned to perform a circuit RT program with 6 stations, 3 days/week for 12 weeks. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), reduced glutathione (GHS), ascorbate, serum α-tocopherol, and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity were assessed. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl groups (CG) were assessed as markers of oxidative damage. Muscle strength was also measured. Dynamic torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as maximal handgrip strength was significantly improved after the completion of the training program. Plasma levels of TAS and erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GR) activity were significantly increased. Conversely, MDA and CG levels were significantly reduced. It was concluded RT improved antioxidant defence system and reduced oxidative damage in adults with DS. Further, long-term studies are required to determine whether the increased antioxidant system may improve clinical outcomes of adults with DS.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Síndrome de Down/terapia , Treinamento Resistido , Adulto , Catalase/sangue , Síndrome de Down/metabolismo , Síndrome de Down/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Glutationa/sangue , Força da Mão/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Carbonilação Proteica , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Comportamento Sedentário , Espanha , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
2.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 16(63): 487-495, sept. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156323

RESUMO

El presente estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal se diseñó para determinar el nivel de hidratación de deportistas con discapacidad intelectual y su comparación con adultos sedentarios con la misma discapacidad. Participaron 22 deportistas federados que realizan el mismo programa de entrenamiento además de 22 adultos sedentarios ajustados en sexo, edad y cociente de inteligencia. Los parámetros ensayados fueron la densidad urinaria determinada mediante refractómetro así como la ingesta diaria de líquido ad-libitum. Este protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética Institucional. Tan solo 6 deportistas (21,6%) presentaron valores de euhidratación frente a 9 (40,9%) de los participantes sedentarios incluidos en el grupo control. Las únicas diferencias significativas respecto a la ingesta de líquidos se estableció precisamente entre deportistas y sedentarios con euhidratación. Se concluye que los deportistas con discapacidad intelectual se encuentran en riesgo de deshidratación que podría explicarse, al menos en parte, por una insuficiente ingesta hídrica (AU)


The current study was designed to determine hydration status of well-trained, male athletes with ID. A secondary purpose was to compare these results with hydration status of sedentary young adults with ID. A total of 22 athletes with ID volunteered for this cross-sectional, descriptive study. The control group included 22, age, sex and IQ-matched sedentary adults with ID. Main outcome measurements were urine specific gravity (USG) and daily fluid intake for three consecutive days. With regard to athletes with ID, it was found that 5 participants (21.7%) stayed significantly hypohydrated, 12 athletes (52.2%) appeared hypohydrated and 6 participants (26.1%) stayed euhydrated. In fact, a significantly lower percentage of athletes was euhydrated when compared to sedentary matched adults with ID (26.1 vs. 40.9%; χ2=5.67; p<001). In conclusion, athletes with ID are at increased risk of dehydration that may be explained, at least in part, given that ad-libitum fluid consumption was insufficient (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atletas/psicologia , Desidratação/complicações , Desidratação/patologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Ingestão de Líquidos/genética , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Urina/citologia , Medicina Esportiva/educação , Atletas/classificação , Desidratação/congênito , Desidratação/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Sedentário/etnologia , Deficiência Intelectual/complicações , Ingestão de Líquidos/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/genética , Urina/fisiologia , Medicina Esportiva/métodos
3.
Actas urol. esp ; 38(9): 589-593, nov. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-129342

RESUMO

Objetivo: El presente estudio se diseñó para determinar la influencia de un programa de entrenamiento domiciliario en la calidad seminal de adultos con diabetes tipo 2. Material y método: Participaron un total de 60 adultos varones con diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2 distribuidos aleatoriamente en un grupo intervención (n = 30) y otro control (n = 30). Los participantes incluidos en el grupo de intervención desarrollaron un programa de entrenamiento domiciliario en tapiz rodante de 14 semanas, 3 sesiones/semana de 40 min a una intensidad del 55-70% FCmáx (incrementando un 2,5% cada 2 semanas). Los parámetros de calidad seminal ensayados fueron: volumen, concentración y porcentaje de movilidad y morfología normal. Asimismo se estudió el nivel de defensas antioxidantes en plasma seminal. Nuestro protocolo fue aprobado por un comité de ética institucional. Resultados: Tras completar el programa de entrenamiento se observó un incremento significativo de la concentración espermática, así como de los porcentajes de movilidad y de morfología normal. Paralelamente, se observó un incremento del estatus total antioxidante en el plasma seminal. No se observaron cambios significativos en ninguna de las variables ensayadas en el grupo control. Conclusiones: El programa de entrenamiento mejoró la calidad seminal en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Este hallazgo podría explicarse por una mejora de las defensas antioxidantes seminales inducida por el ejercicio


Objective: This was the first study conducted to determine the influence of home-based treadmill training on seminal quality in adults with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: Sixty sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes volunteered for the current study. Thirty were randomly allocated to the intervention group and performed a a 14-week, home-based, treadmill training program, 3 sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up (10-15 min), 40 min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-70% of peak heart rate (increasing by 2.5% each two weeks) measured during a maximal treadmill test, and cooling-down (5-10 min). The control group included 30, age and BMI matched adults with type 2 diabetes who did not take part in any training program. Seminal quality analysis included semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and normal morphologic features. Furthermore, total antioxidant status (TAS) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were assessed in seminal plasma. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: The home-based treadmill training significantly increased sperm concentration as well as percentages of total sperm motility and normal spermatozoa. Furthermore, TAS and GPX activity were increased after the completion of the training program. No significant changes in any of the measured variables were found in the control group. Conclusions: Home-based treadmill training improved seminal quality in adults with type 2 diabetes. A secondary finding was that seminal antioxidant defense system was significantly increased after being exercised


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Análise do Sêmen , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Educação Física e Treinamento , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação
4.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 47(4): 345-8, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24714816

RESUMO

This study was designed to assess the influence of resistance training on salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels and hormone profile in sedentary adults with Down syndrome (DS). A total of 40 male adults with DS were recruited for the trial through different community support groups for people with intellectual disabilities. All participants had medical approval for participation in physical activity. Twenty-four adults were randomly assigned to perform resistance training in a circuit with six stations, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Training intensity was based on functioning in the eight-repetition maximum (8RM) test for each exercise. The control group included 16 age-, gender-, and BMI-matched adults with DS. Salivary IgA, testosterone, and cortisol levels were measured by ELISA. Work task performance was assessed using the repetitive weighted-box-stacking test. Resistance training significantly increased salivary IgA concentration (P=0.0120; d=0.94) and testosterone levels (P=0.0088; d=1.57) in the exercising group. Furthermore, it also improved work task performance. No changes were seen in the controls who had not exercised. In conclusion, a short-term resistance training protocol improved mucosal immunity response as well as salivary testosterone levels in sedentary adults with DS.


Assuntos
Exercícios em Circuitos , Síndrome de Down/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Treinamento Resistido , Saliva/química , Testosterona/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Masculino , Comportamento Sedentário , Teste de Stanford-Binet , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas
5.
Actas Urol Esp ; 38(9): 589-93, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24612998

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This was the first study conducted to determine the influence of home-based treadmill training on seminal quality in adults with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes volunteered for the current study. Thirty were randomly allocated to the intervention group and performed a a 14-week, home-based, treadmill training program, 3 sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up (10-15min), 40min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-70% of peak heart rate (increasing by 2.5% each two weeks) measured during a maximal treadmill test, and cooling-down (5-10min). The control group included 30, age and BMI matched adults with type 2 diabetes who did not take part in any training program. Seminal quality analysis included semen volume, sperm concentration, motility and normal morphologic features. Furthermore, total antioxidant status (TAS) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were assessed in seminal plasma. This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. RESULTS: The home-based treadmill training significantly increased sperm concentration as well as percentages of total sperm motility and normal spermatozoa. Furthermore, TAS and GPX activity were increased after the completion of the training program. No significant changes in any of the measured variables were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based treadmill training improved seminal quality in adults with type 2 diabetes. A secondary finding was that seminal antioxidant defense system was significantly increased after being exercised.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Exercício Físico , Análise do Sêmen , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Masculino
6.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(1): 261-266, Mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708756

RESUMO

La determinación del porcentaje de masa grasa en pacientes con lesión medular crónica (LMC) resulta de interés por la alta morbimortalidad cardiovascular que presenta este grupo. En el caso de deportistas, además, permitiría optimizar su rendimiento deportivo. Por consiguiente, el presente estudio se planteó como primer objetivo comparar diferentes métodos de estudio del porcentaje de masa grasa de deportistas con LMC. Y como objetivo secundario, identificar alguna ecuación que permita predecir los niveles de masa grasa de manera más económica, sencilla, rápida y no invasiva. Se diseño un estudio observacional y transversal en el que participaron voluntariamente 8 deportistas varones con LMC a nivel o por debajo de T5 que compiten a nivel nacional. El porcentaje de masa grasa corporal de los participantes se determinó mediante tres metodologías: densitometría (DEXA), antropometría convencional (Ecuación de Siri) e impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). Este protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética Institucional. El porcentaje de masa grasa presentado por jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas tras someterse al método de referencia (DEXA) fue del 28,76±9,16%. El análisis de concordancia de Bland-Altman entre métodos sugiere que tanto la antropometría convencional como la BIA subestiman el porcentaje de masa grasa de deportistas con LMC. la ecuación de predicción obtenida fue: Masa Grasa (%)= 1,9197 (pliegue tríceps (mm)) + 6,5063. Tanto las técnicas antropométricas convencionales como la propia BIA subestiman la masa grasa en deportistas con LMC. Asimismo se ha identificado una ecuación de regresión para la predicción del porcentaje de masa grasa de bajo coste y aplicable en cualquier entorno.


The assessment of fat mass (FM) is of great interest for people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) given that morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease are greater and occur earlier in this group. Furthermore, it may play a key role improving physical performance in athletes with SCI. For the reasons already mentioned, the current study was designed to compare different methods for assessing FM in athletes with SCI. A secondary objective was to identify a predictive equation for FM in this group that is easily reproducible elsewhere. A total of 8 male athletes with complete SCI at or below the 5th thoracic level (T5) competing in a national league volunteered for this study. The percentage of FM was assessed by three different methods: conventional anthropometry (Siri equation), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and densitometry (DEXA). This research was conducted in full accordance with ethical principles, including the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (version, 2002). Furthermore, the present protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. Mean percentage of FM assessed by DXA was 28.76±9.16%. Moreover, Bland-Altman plots suggested conventional anthropometry and BIA underestimated fat mass percentage in this group. Lastly, a predictive equation for fat mass was established as follows: FM (%)=1.9197 (triceps skinfold thickness (mm))+6.5063. It was concluded that both conventional anthropometry and BIA underestimated fat mass in athletes with chronic SCI. Furthermore, a predictive equation of fat mass was recommended for this group due to its low cost and wide availability in any clinical setting.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Pessoas com Deficiência , Adiposidade , Atletas , Prognóstico , Projetos Piloto , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Densitometria
7.
J Intellect Disabil Res ; 58(9): 874-9, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24224738

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that obese people with trisomy 21 suffer from low-grade systemic inflammation. A recent study has found that aerobic training reduced inflammation in obese women with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, the study reported in this paper is the first to determine for how long these effects were maintained after completion of the programme. METHODS: Twenty premenopausal obese women (18-30 years old) with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, 3 sessions per week, consisting of warming-up followed by treadmill exercise (30-40 min) at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate and a cooling-down period. The control group included 9, age, sex and BMI matched women with Down syndrome that did not perform any training programme. Fat mass percentage and distribution were measured. Plasma level of IL-6 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were monitored. Time-course changes for these outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention. Further, they were re-evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of the programme. RESULTS: Three months after completion of the programme, plasma levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were significantly increased. Up to 6 months later, both fat mass percentage and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased. Furthermore, physical fitness was also impaired in the intervention group. No changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: A 3-month detraining period significantly impaired chronic inflammation in obese women with DS.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/terapia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Inflamação/terapia , Obesidade/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbidade , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/sangue , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
8.
J Intellect Disabil Res ; 58(6): 583-90, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23742222

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major health problem in people with intellectual disabilities. It is also widely accepted that low-grade systemic inflammation associated to obesity plays a key role in the pathogenic mechanism of several disorders. Fortunately, physical activity has shown to improve inflammation in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, we assessed the influence of aerobic training on pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in women with Down syndrome. METHODS: To achieve this outcome, 20 premenopausal obese young women with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10-week aerobic training programme, three sessions per week, consisting of a warm-up then a 30- to 40-min treadmill exercise at a work intensity of 55-65% of peak heart rate followed by a cooling-down period. The control group included nine age-, sex- and body mass index-matched women with Down syndrome. Fat mass percentage and fat distribution were measured. Plasmatic levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and fibrinogen were assessed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. C-reactive protein (CRP) was assessed by nephelometry. RESULTS: Plasmatic levels of TNF-α (11.7 ± 1.6 vs. 9.2 ± 1.3 pg/ml; P = 0.022), IL-6 (8.2 ± 1.1 vs. 6.1 ± 0.9 pg/ml; P = 0.014) and high sensitive CRP (0.62 ± 0.11 vs. 0.53 ± 0.09 mg/dl; P = 0.009) were significantly reduced in the intervention group. Further, significant correlations between plasmatic and anthropometric parameters were found. CONCLUSION: A 10-week training programme reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in obese young women with Down syndrome. Long-term, well-conducted studies are still required to determine whether correction of this low-grade inflammation improves clinical outcomes of women with trisomy 21.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Citocinas/sangue , Síndrome de Down/imunologia , Síndrome de Down/terapia , Exercício Físico , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Obesidade/imunologia , Obesidade/terapia , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/imunologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Adulto Jovem
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(4): 1415-1420, Dec. 2013. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-702327

RESUMO

El presente estudio pretende identificar correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre parámetros de masa grasa abdominal obtenidos por densitometría (DXA) y otros de tipo cineantropométrico (índices de distribución de masa grasa) y bioquímico (perfil lipídico) en mujeres postmenopausicas con síndrome metabólico. Se diseño un estudio de cohortes histórico que incluyó a un total de 1326 mujeres post-menopausicas con edad > 45 años que se habían sometido rutinariamente a DXA para conocer su densidad mineral ósea entre Enero de 2006 y Enero de 2011. Se utilizó un DXA tipo Lunar DPX-L para determinar la masa grasa abdominal en las regiones de interés L1-L4 y L3-L4. Además del DXA, se obtuvo de cada participante la correspondiente anamnesis, bioquímica, tensión arterial e índices de distribución de masa grasa mediante técnicas antropométricas convencionales. Se utilizó la clasificación NCEP-ATP-III para el diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico. Este protocolo fue aprobado por un Comité de Ética Institucional. La mayor fuerza de asociación se estableció entre el porcentaje de masa grasa L1-L4 obtenido por DXA y el perímetro de la cintura (r= 0,77; p= 0,0016) además de con colesterol-HDL (r= -0,58; p= 0,0290). Finalmente se concluye que el perímetro de la cintura y los niveles de colesterol-HDL podrían recomendarse como predictores del comportamiento de la masa grasa abdominal de regiones de interés L1-L4 y L3-L4 obtenidas por DXA en mujeres postmenopausicas con síndrome metabólico.


The current study was conducted to identify potential correlations between abdominal fat mass obtained by DXA and several parameters obtained by anthropometric conventional techniques as well as lipid profile in postmenopausal women with MS. This historical cohort study included a total of 1326 postmenopausal women aged > 45 years old who had routinely undergone DXA to measure their bone mineral density between January 2006 and January 2011. The regions of interest envisaged in our study by using DXA were the lumbar regions L1-L4 and L4-L5. At the same time, they underwent a complete medical examination including personal medical history assessment, biochemical blood analysis, blood pressure measurements and anthropometrical evaluation. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed attending to the criteria established by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NECP-ATP-III). This protocol was approved by an Institutional Ethics Committee. Several significant correlations were found between DXA and indices of body fat distribution as well as lipid profile. The strongest correlations were found between fat mass L1-L4 and waist circumference (r= 0.77; p= 0.0016) and levels of HDL-cholesterol (r= -0.58; p= 0.0290). It was concluded that waist circumference and HDL-cholesterol may be recommended to predict fat mass in regions of interest L1-L4 and L3-L4 in postmenopausal women with MS.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gordura Abdominal/anatomia & histologia , Síndrome Metabólica , Pós-Menopausa , Absorciometria de Fóton , Antropometria , Densitometria , Estudos Retrospectivos
10.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 22(1): 91-4, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20673251

RESUMO

Individuals with Down syndrome have been generally described as having high levels of oxidative stress, which have been associated to an increased morbidity. Fortunately, recent studies have reported that aerobic training may upregulate antioxidant defence system both in general population and individuals with trisomy 21. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of aerobic training in reducing protein oxidation. To achieve this goal, 31 adolescents with Down syndrome performed a 12-week training program on a treadmill with 3 days/week, consisting of warm-up (15 min), main part (20-35 min) at a work intensity of 60-75% of peak heart rate (HR(max) =194.5-[0.56 age]) and cool-down (10 min). A control group included seven age-, sex- and BMI-matched adolescents with trisomy 21 that did not perform any training program. Plasma carbonyl content was determined by means of a slightly modified Levine method. Pre- and post-training carbonyl contents were 1.98 ± 0.2 [95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 1.94-2.02] nmol/mg protein and 1.16 ± 0.1 (95% CI: 1.14-1.18) nmol/mg protein, respectively. When compared with baseline values, it was decreased significantly (1.98 ± 0.2 vs 1.16 ± 0.1; P<0.001). It was concluded that 12-week exercise program significantly reduced protein oxidation in adolescents with Down syndrome. Further long-term follow-up studies are required to determine whether correction of this oxidant imbalance improves clinical outcomes of individuals with trisomy 21.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/metabolismo , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Carbonilação Proteica , Adolescente , Síndrome de Down/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino
11.
Br J Sports Med ; 44(9): 685-7, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19028732

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of a 12-week training programme on plasmatic levels of allantoin, an in vivo marker for oxidative stress, in adolescents with Down syndrome. This finding would be of great interest, since oxidative damage has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism of several pathologies in this population. MATERIALS: To reach this goal, 31 male adolescents with Down syndrome (16.3 (1.1) years; 155.2 (5.7) cm; 70.8 (4.5) kg) performed a 12-week training programme, three sessions per week, consisting of warm-up (15 min) followed by a main part (20-35 min (increasing 5 min each 3 weeks)) at a work intensity of 60-75% of peak heart rate (increasing by 5% each 3 weeks) and then a cool-down period (10 min). According to previous studies, it should be emphasised that the maximal heart rate for individuals with Down syndrome was predicted by the equation HRmax = 194.5-(0.56 age). The control group included seven age-, sex- and BMI-matched adolescents with trisomy 21 that did not perform any training programme. The levels uric acid and allantoin were assayed in plasma by HPLC. This protocol was approved by an institutional ethics committee. RESULTS: When compared with baseline, plasmatic levels of allantoin were decreased significantly (22.09 (1.62) vs 18.74 (1.38) micromol/l; p<0.001) after being exercised. Furthermore, the allantoin/uric acid ratio was decreased significantly (0.071 (0.006) vs 0.059 (0.004); p<0.05). On the contrary, no changes were reported in controls. CONCLUSION: A 12-week aerobic programme significantly reduced oxidative damage expressed in terms of plasmatic allantoin content in adolescents with Down syndrome. Further studies on this topic are required.


Assuntos
Alantoína/sangue , Síndrome de Down/terapia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Síndrome de Down/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Ácido Úrico/sangue
12.
Histol Histopathol ; 22(8): 869-72, 2007 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17503343

RESUMO

The present study was designed to determine whether lipid peroxidation was associated with the impairment of the fertilizing capability of gilthead sperm after acute exposure to anionic surfactant Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS). Spawned eggs and sperm were collected from adult giltheads. Sperm suspensions (100,000,000 spermatozoa/mL) were dosed separately with different concentrations of SDS (0.6, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L) for 60 minutes. After this period, sperm samples were randomly distributed for both outcome measurements: fertilization percentage or lipid peroxidation assessment. On one hand, exposed sperm and unexposed eggs were combined for 20 minutes during which fertilization took place. Fertilization, defined as the presence of a fertilization envelope, was assessed by microscopic observation. On the other hand lipid peroxidation on exposed gilthead sperm was determined by estimating the production of malondialdehyde (MDA). Acute exposure to SDS caused a significant inhibitory effect on fertilization success in gilthead. It also increased significantly lipid peroxidation in exposed sperm. Furthermore, a strong but negative statistical association was found between fertilizing capability and lipid peroxidation gilthead sperm exposed to SDS. Although extrapolation from the laboratory to the field requires caution, the results of this work demonstrated that the impairment of fertilization was significantly associated with lipid peroxidation induced by acute exposure to SDS. Consequently lipid peroxidation may be recommended as an early-warning bioindicator of exposure to surfactants. Further studies are required.


Assuntos
Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Dourada , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/toxicidade , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Tensoativos/toxicidade , Poluentes da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/metabolismo
13.
Histol Histopathol ; 21(11): 1167-70, 2006 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16874659

RESUMO

In recent years it has been shown that emotional stress induced by immobilization may change the balance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors inducing oxidative damage. On the other hand, contradictory views exist concerning the role of physical activity on redox metabolism. Consequently, the present work was designed to assess the influence of an 8-week moderate swimming training program in emotionally stressed rats. Sixty 1-month-old male albino Wistar rats weighing 125-135 g were used in this experimental study. They were divided into three groups, as Control (lot A; n=20), Stressed (lot B; n=20) and Stressed & Exercised (lot C; n=20). Rats were stressed by placing the animals in a 25 x 7 cm plastic bottle 1 h/day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Protein carbonyl content values in liver homogenates were significantly increased in stressed animals (0.58+/-0.02 vs 0.86+/-0.03; p=0.018) which clearly indicated that emotional stress was associated with oxidative stress. Ultrastructural alterations, predominantly mitochondrial swelling and the decrease of cristae number observed by electron microscopy represented direct evidence of membrane injury. The most striking feature of our study was that we also found differences between stressed rats and stressed rats that performed our 8 week training program. Consequently our results highlight the potential benefit of a moderate training program to reduce oxidative damage induced by emotional stress since it attenuated protein oxidation and mitochondrial alterations.


Assuntos
Fígado/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Corrida , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Masculino , Oxirredução , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico , Fatores de Tempo
14.
Histol Histopathol ; 20(4): 1017-20, 2005 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16136482

RESUMO

In a widely distributed and commercially important fish, gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L., we have studied sublethal effects of malathion in order to identify early warning bioindicators of exposure before irreversible damage occurs. To achieve this goal, groups of 10 juvenile specimens were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h to a sublethal concentration of malathion (0.4 mg/l). Another group was used as control. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and histopathological features from exposed gills were assessed. It should also be mentioned that no mortality was observed during the whole experience. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were altered significantly from 24 h onward (p<0.05). It is of interest to note that catalase activity was decreased after exposure instead of increasing as other antioxidant enzymes assessed. On the other hand, histopathological alterations of the gills were observed as early as at 48 h-exposure, but the most severe damage occurred at 96 h exposure. The evidence presented here, together with other data from the literature, unequivocally established oxidative-stress-inducing effects of malathion in gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. It is also concluded antioxidants employed (SOD, CAT and GPX) changed significantly a long time before histopathological alterations of gills became evident. Consequently, these antioxidant enzymes may be highly recommended as early-warning bioindicators of environmental pollution by malathion in the areas where it is proposed to be used in pest control activities.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Brânquias/enzimologia , Brânquias/patologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Malation/farmacologia , Dourada/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Brânquias/citologia , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Poluição Química da Água
15.
Histol Histopathol ; 18(2): 475-8, 2003 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12647798

RESUMO

This paper describes the acute toxicity of a known anionic surfactant, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS), on the quality of gilthead Sparus aurata L. sperm. The parameter used to judge exposure effectiveness was sperm motility as well as its fertilizing ability after being combined with unexposed gilthead eggs. Preincubation of sperm suspensions with concentrations of LAS of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/L caused decrease in sperm motility and fertilizing ability. In this respect, percentages of motile sperm were respectively 89.8+/-9.8, 81.7+/-16.3, 69.5+/-21.3, 57.1+/-19.1 and 21.2+/-10.9%. With regard to the percentage of fertilization success, the results were 85.7+/-8.1, 75.1+/-20.2, 62.9+/-19.7, 52.7+/-19.2 and 14.2+/-7.9% respectively. At concentrations of LAS of 0.5 mg/L or higher, the differences in both percentage of motility and fertilizing ability with controls were significant (p<5%). Although extrapolation from the laboratory to the field requires caution, the results of this work demonstrated that low-level surfactant pollution may impact directly on reproduction of the free gametes (sperm) released into water. It may lead to a long-term decline and eventual extinction of gilthead populations in nature when they are located close to effluents that are either untreated or receive inadequate secondary treatment. It is also quite important because this species constitutes an important link in the food chain and its death via exposure to surfactants may imbalance the littoral ecosystem.


Assuntos
Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/toxicidade , Perciformes/fisiologia , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Tensoativos/toxicidade , Animais , Feminino , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos
16.
Eur J Histochem ; 46(2): 179-84, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12152796

RESUMO

The present article reports the effect on survival as well as on the morpho-histochemical changes in the trunk kidney of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus, L. induced by acute action of the anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The LC50 of SDS at 96 hours was found to be 7.5 mg/l. Lots of 20 juvenile turbots were exposed to SDS concentrations of 3, 5, 7 and 10 mg/l: the exposure time required for 50% mortality of the specimens was 384,190,12 and 4 hours and surface tension values were 60.2, 56, 54.9, and 53.3 mN/m, respectively. It should be mentioned that there was a relatively high resistance to SDS of turbot compared to other teleost species, which may be related to its benthic habit. Histopathological lesions and histochemical changes that appeared in the trunk kidney of specimens exposed to the concentrations mentioned were examined. The abnormalities observed in this organ included vacuolation and desquamation of epithelial cells and degeneration of glomeruli and tubules. At the histochemical level, we appreciated some changes in the normal distribution of carbohydrates and proteins. Although the precise mechanism by which the renal tissue injury occurs is unknown, the function of this vital organ was seriously affected and this fact may ultimately play an important role in the mortality of turbots exposed to SDS.


Assuntos
Linguados , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/toxicidade , Tensoativos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Monitoramento Ambiental , Histocitoquímica , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Túbulos Renais/efeitos dos fármacos , Túbulos Renais/metabolismo , Túbulos Renais/patologia , Dose Letal Mediana , Proteínas/metabolismo , Água do Mar , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda
17.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 51(3): 223-8, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11971645

RESUMO

The present article reports the effect on survival as well as morpho-histochemical changes in the gills of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus L., induced by acute action of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). First, LC(50) at 96 h was found to be 7.5 mg/L of SDS. Second, lots with 20 individuals were exposed to SDS concentrations of 3, 5, 7, and 10 mg/L in order to obtain the exposure time required for 50% mortality of the specimens (384, 190, 12, and 4 h) and surface tension values (60.2, 56, 54.9, and 53.3 mN/m), respectively. Finally, histopathological lesions (clubbing and fusion of the secondary lamellae, hyperplasia and posterior rupture of the respiratory epithelium, destruction and shortening of gill filaments, and the presence of hemorrhagic foci) and histochemical alterations in the distribution of carbohydrates and proteins in the gills of treated specimens were noted. These morpho-histochemical changes in the gills provoked functional disorders (i.e. asphyxia and the loss of osmotic and ionic regulation) that may ultimately play an important role in the mortality of turbots exposed to SDS.


Assuntos
Linguados , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/toxicidade , Tensoativos/toxicidade , Animais , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Cartilagem/efeitos dos fármacos , Cartilagem/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/metabolismo , Brânquias/metabolismo , Brânquias/patologia , Histocitoquímica , Dose Letal Mediana , Proteínas/metabolismo , Tensão Superficial/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade
18.
Histol Histopathol ; 16(4): 1091-5, 2001 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11642729

RESUMO

In the present work we have evaluated the acute toxicity of two anionic surfactants, alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) to eggs of gilthead Sparus aurata. At each surfactant concentration, we determined the exposure time required for 50% mortality of the eggs (LT50), surface tension and volume of oil globule in gilthead eggs. Clear dose-response relationships for mortality of gilthead eggs was observed for both toxicants; at 30 mg/L 50% mortality took place at 45 minutes for ABS and 8 minutes for SDS. At this concentration, SDS was almost six times more toxic than ABS (LT50 is compared). However, at 0.3 mg/L 50% mortality occurred after exposures of 535 minutes to ABS and 425 minutes to SDS. Descriptively, our results showed SDS was more toxic than ABS at high concentrations whereas at low concentrations their toxicity was very similar. However, statistical analysis demonstrated there were no significant differences in the toxicity of both surfactants to gilthead eggs. Surface tension value at each concentration of both surfactants was also calculated. We found that these values decreased with increasing concentration of each surfactant, and this trend was more pronounced in solutions of SDS. We also found that the volume of the oil globule of exposed eggs was influenced by surfactants. After exposure, its volume clearly decreased in comparison to controls, mainly in eggs exposed to SDS.


Assuntos
Benzenossulfonatos/toxicidade , Óvulo/efeitos dos fármacos , Perciformes/fisiologia , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/toxicidade , Tensoativos/toxicidade , Animais , Embrião não Mamífero/citologia , Embrião não Mamífero/efeitos dos fármacos , Óvulo/ultraestrutura , Tensão Superficial , Fatores de Tempo
19.
Histol Histopathol ; 16(3): 839-43, 2001 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11510975

RESUMO

In the present work we have evaluated and compared the acute toxicity of two anionic surfactants, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) on the fertilizing capability of gilthead Sparus aurata L. sperm. The criterion used to judge exposure effectiveness was fertilization success. Spawned eggs and sperms were collected from adult giltheads. Sperms were dosed separately with different concentrations of SDS and LAS for 60 minutes. After this period, sperms and eggs were combined for 20 minutes during which fertilization took place. Finally, the number of fertilized eggs were counted and recorded to estimate the percentage of fertilization. Exposure to SDS and LAS concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L for 60 minutes caused a significant inhibitory effect on fertilization success in gilthead Sparus aurata L.. In addition, the EC50 value for gilthead fertilization after sperm exposure was found to be 2.8 mg/L and in the case of LAS it was of 2.6 mg/L. The comparison of the results from SDS and LAS shows that the latter has a stronger negative effect on sperm viability than SDS.


Assuntos
Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/toxicidade , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/toxicidade , Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Tensoativos/toxicidade , Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/administração & dosagem , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Masculino , Dourada , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Espermatozoides/fisiologia , Tensoativos/administração & dosagem
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